Copyright laws
The Copyright Act was established for Canada's current Copyright law.
The Copyright Act protects original literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works.
TEXT|IMAGES|AUDIO|VIDEO
Literary works are those of which are written in any medium. It could be in the form of speeches or magazines that obviously has texts in it. Usually, copyright in Canada "exists for the life of the author/creator, the remainder of the calendar year in which he is deceased, plus fifty years after the end of that calendar year". After fifty years, it is turned into a public domain. A public domain work is considered to have a forfeited right of intellectual property. A few examples are Shakespeare's, Newton's, and Beethoven's.
Published or unpublished works owned by the government is highly protected. Its protection could be permanent or not depending upon the Queen's decision because it is automatically her property (Crown Copyright).
Images fall in photography under artistic works. As defined by Google, an image is a representation of the external form of a person or thing in art .A single image could either be a photograph taken or an artistic media art. Or it could even be a combination of both.
Photos taken before 1949 are public domains. Photos owned by a corporation created after 1948 but before 1962 are public domains too.
Audio is a musical work usually recorded. It could be virtually created through softwares too. For sound recordings, it takes fifty years after its fixation to be a public domain. Works published before the expiry of the copyright will turn into a public domain fifty years after publication.
A video is under cinematography which is the art of making motion pictures according to Google. Cinematography falls in dramatic works.
All of the four types of works are protected under the Copyright Law of Canada. Any person who violates the restrictions is subject to penalty. However there are cases wherein the Court considers replication of works for educational purposes. Small amounts of photocopies are permitted especially when it's very impractical to purchase a book for every student. This is an example of "fair dealing". Other examples are for research, private study, criticism, review, news reporting, satire, and parody given that the dealing is fair. Teachers, instructors, professors, and students are permitted to copy short excerpts of the educational materials given that they should cite the the source, the name of the book and author/s to be exact.
Short excerpts are:
1. ten percent of the copyright protected work which includes literary, musical, and audiovisual works)
2. a chapter from a book
3. an article
4. entire artistic work (e.g. painting, print, photograph, diagram, drawing, map, chart, and plan)
5. whole newspaper article or page
6. entries from encyclopedia, dictionaries and other similar works
7. entire poem or other musical works
COPYING MULTIPLE SHORT EXCERPTS OF THE SAME SOURCE WITH THE INTENTION OF COPYING THE ENTIRE WORK IS PROHIBITED.
However, copied works exceeding in the Fair Dealing Guidelines could be permitted with evaluation as to how relevant the situation is. Evaluations are conducted by Educational Institutions.
Teachers are permitted to play videos as instructional materials during class on projectors. They could also copy test questions given that the source isn't commercially available.
"Teachers and students can copy and communicate the text of federal, provincial, and territorial statutes, regulations, and judicial decisions for educational purposes from every province and territory except Manitoba, Quebec, and Nunavut."
Sound recordings can be played and television 'n radios can be turned on during class if the following conditions are met:
- it should be in an educational institution
- for training or educational purposes
- non-profit
Music for educational purposes are permitted however, there are some that require permission and payment like school dances, school sporting events and others.
Penalties vary depending upon the decision of the Court. There are three categories of solutions for the infringement which are border, civil, and criminal. It's best to be cautious when copying works of others. The Copyright Act of Canada should be followed.
The Copyright Act protects original literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works.
TEXT|IMAGES|AUDIO|VIDEO
Literary works are those of which are written in any medium. It could be in the form of speeches or magazines that obviously has texts in it. Usually, copyright in Canada "exists for the life of the author/creator, the remainder of the calendar year in which he is deceased, plus fifty years after the end of that calendar year". After fifty years, it is turned into a public domain. A public domain work is considered to have a forfeited right of intellectual property. A few examples are Shakespeare's, Newton's, and Beethoven's.
Published or unpublished works owned by the government is highly protected. Its protection could be permanent or not depending upon the Queen's decision because it is automatically her property (Crown Copyright).
Images fall in photography under artistic works. As defined by Google, an image is a representation of the external form of a person or thing in art .A single image could either be a photograph taken or an artistic media art. Or it could even be a combination of both.
Photos taken before 1949 are public domains. Photos owned by a corporation created after 1948 but before 1962 are public domains too.
Audio is a musical work usually recorded. It could be virtually created through softwares too. For sound recordings, it takes fifty years after its fixation to be a public domain. Works published before the expiry of the copyright will turn into a public domain fifty years after publication.
A video is under cinematography which is the art of making motion pictures according to Google. Cinematography falls in dramatic works.
All of the four types of works are protected under the Copyright Law of Canada. Any person who violates the restrictions is subject to penalty. However there are cases wherein the Court considers replication of works for educational purposes. Small amounts of photocopies are permitted especially when it's very impractical to purchase a book for every student. This is an example of "fair dealing". Other examples are for research, private study, criticism, review, news reporting, satire, and parody given that the dealing is fair. Teachers, instructors, professors, and students are permitted to copy short excerpts of the educational materials given that they should cite the the source, the name of the book and author/s to be exact.
Short excerpts are:
1. ten percent of the copyright protected work which includes literary, musical, and audiovisual works)
2. a chapter from a book
3. an article
4. entire artistic work (e.g. painting, print, photograph, diagram, drawing, map, chart, and plan)
5. whole newspaper article or page
6. entries from encyclopedia, dictionaries and other similar works
7. entire poem or other musical works
COPYING MULTIPLE SHORT EXCERPTS OF THE SAME SOURCE WITH THE INTENTION OF COPYING THE ENTIRE WORK IS PROHIBITED.
However, copied works exceeding in the Fair Dealing Guidelines could be permitted with evaluation as to how relevant the situation is. Evaluations are conducted by Educational Institutions.
Teachers are permitted to play videos as instructional materials during class on projectors. They could also copy test questions given that the source isn't commercially available.
"Teachers and students can copy and communicate the text of federal, provincial, and territorial statutes, regulations, and judicial decisions for educational purposes from every province and territory except Manitoba, Quebec, and Nunavut."
Sound recordings can be played and television 'n radios can be turned on during class if the following conditions are met:
- it should be in an educational institution
- for training or educational purposes
- non-profit
Music for educational purposes are permitted however, there are some that require permission and payment like school dances, school sporting events and others.
Penalties vary depending upon the decision of the Court. There are three categories of solutions for the infringement which are border, civil, and criminal. It's best to be cautious when copying works of others. The Copyright Act of Canada should be followed.